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Employee stock options in private gaming companies: Corporate aspects
Company shares are seen as an important element of the overall remuneration for professionals in the IT industry. This is also the case in companies developing video games. Prospective employees or contractors expect to be able to take a stake in the rapidly growing company as part of their remuneration package.
Protecting investors from unlawful behaviour by founders of startups
According to analysts, only 10% of startups are successful. Almost 90% of them fail—20% in their first year. On the record, such failures are often attributed to the founders’ failure to identify the customers’ needs, i.e. a real gap in the market, or blamed on competition and the uniqueness of the service or product. In less guarded moments, e.g. in online forums, much heavier accusations have been levelled against founders, such as the claim that most startups are designed to defraud investors or launder money.
Sports and television: How to reconcile profit with the right to information
This year’s huge sporting events—the recently concluded European football championship and the Summer Olympic Games in Paris—are a good opportunity to look at regulations for broadcasting major events. In this article, we write about the events covered by the regulations, the obligations imposed on broadcasters, and the sanctions for non-compliance.
30 years of legal research: From newspaper clippings to the internet
An interview with Ewa Bernaciak, legal information specialist at Wardynski & Partners, who remembers what legal research was like, and how time-consuming it was, in the pre-internet era.
Fashion in video games
The growing role of fashion in the world of video games was confirmed by the Roblox report published in November 2023 analysing the behaviour of Gen Z. The survey found that for 84% of respondents, digital fashion is an important part of the game, with 56% of respondents admitting that their avatar’s appearance is just as important to them as their own real-life appearance—up from 42% the year before.
The Gamedev CEO simulator
What legal traps can a developer fall into when creating a game? Find out by playing the role of Creative, Manager, Accountant or Consultant in the Gamedev CEO simulator game created by the Gaming practice at Wardyński & Partners.
Neither fountainhead of justice nor good Samaritan
The rulings of the Polish Constitutional Tribunal likening the President’s pardon power to a royal whim are wrong. In former monarchies, the king was deemed the “fountainhead of justice,” and thus could be said to have unbridled licence to interfere in its administration. In a modern state, the President does not play such a role, and in a democracy sources of justice are sought elsewhere. Therefore, the President’s pardon power cannot be understood so anachronistically.
VAT on NFTs: The position of the EU VAT Committee
How VAT should be charged on trading in NFTs is of interest to taxpayers and tax authorities in various European Union countries, which sometimes take different approaches. On 21 March 2023, the EU VAT Committee published Working Paper no. 1060, entitled “Initial VAT reflections on non-fungible tokens,” touching on a number of issues concerning the VAT treatment of NFTs. As NFT transactions, including high-value ones, become more common, the tax treatment of these tokens and operations involving them, including on VAT grounds, should be fairly assessed, and the working paper may have a significant impact on this assessment.
Settlement before the first hearing may allow for recovery of the entire court fee
Settlement is a popular and safe way of resolving civil disputes. By making concessions to each other, the parties autonomously frame the legal relationship between them and allocate the rights and obligations acceptable to them. The law in Poland also promotes this model, providing advantageous rules for parties to court proceedings allowing for return of the court fee on claims if a settlement is reached. The earlier a settlement is reached, the more of the fee can be recovered. In some cases, even the entire fee may be refunded.
Industrial doctorate: Synergy of science and business
In 2017, the possibility of obtaining a doctoral degree under an industrial doctoral programme was introduced in Poland. This is designed to support innovation by facilitating cooperation between business and universities and scientific research institutes. The doctoral dissertation prepared under the programme is intended to improve the operations of a specific company or solve a technological problem faced by the company employing the doctoral student.